Considering that liposuction is one of the most common Los Angeles and Beverly Hills cosmetic surgery procedures, there are a number of patients who are dissatisfied with their liposuction results.

The most common reason for being unhappy with liposuction results in Beverly Hills is lack of seeing significant results. As an expert in Beverly Hills Liposuction and Body Contouring, Dr. Younai comes across many patients that come to him for revision liposuction just because their plastic surgeon was very "conservative". These people often say in frustration that they just can't see a difference after having paid much for their liposuction in Beverly Hills. It seems that these patients did not do adequate research about the experience of their plastic surgeon in liposuction and body contouring. They might have just chosen a cosmetic surgeon only based on advertisement, their office location, and hype. Therefore, it is recommended that you really investigate the credentials of your plastic surgeon. Many patients don't know the difference between a Board Certified Los Angeles Plastic Surgeon and a Board Certified Los Angeles Cosmetic Surgeon. A cosmetic surgeon is not a plastic surgeon, and did not have a formal plastic surgery residency training and Board Certification by the American Board of Plastic surgery.

Also, carefully view before and after pictures of your plastic surgeon's patients. If he/she does not have many examples of the specific procedure that you are contemplating, maybe, he/she is just not experienced in it. To remedy this choose a plastic surgeon that is board certified and is experienced in Large Volume Liposuction.

The second most common reason for dissatisfaction with liposuction in Beverly Hills or Los Angeles is getting dimples, ripples, bumps, or skin irregularities. These skin irregularities are sometimes unavoidable depending on your skin elasticity, chronic skin sun damage, presence of stretch marks, or a history of recurrent weight gain and loss. Multiple previous liposuctions can increase your risk of skin irregularities with subsequent liposuctions. 

Having said this, certain liposuction techniques can help reduce the occurrence of dimples, ripples, and bumps. Liposuctioning from multiple entrance sites and at right angles does lessen the chance of skin irregularities. Tumescent liposuction has a lesser probability of these complications as compared to Ultrasonic liposuction, power-assisted liposuction, laser-liposuction, or lipo-zap.

To help revise these liposuction outcomes, it might be necessary to do fat grafting in certain locations, along with revision liposculpture in adjacent areas. Dr. Younai has had experience with these techniques in the areas of the neck and face, abdomen, back, thighs, chest, and buttocks.

Finally, you can help lessen your chance of getting dimples, ripples, or bumps after liposuction, by doing aggressive and thorough massage over the areas of liposuction. This deep skin massage when combined with skin hydration helps increase skin circulation and healing, as well as smoothing out areas that might be predisposed to become dimply. Dr. Younai recommends all his liposuction patients in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills to continue this for at least 8 weeks after their liposuction.

Disclaimer: This blog or article is for information purpose only, and should not be treated a professional advise or price protection guarantee. This blog is mainly used for search engine optimization and other commercial purposes and it is advised that readers seek professional consultation in the field of interest for more information

Plastic surgery is commonly identified with women but research over the last five years shows that children and men are also increasingly partaking in plastic surgery. Children as young as seven years old are opting to have Beverly Hills ear surgery. Some children are made to feel self conscience about having ears that are too large for their head or stick out. This procedure is more common among men and children. Although adults can understand the frustrations in being self conscience about a body part researches have raised the question many times. How young is too young for plastic surgery? Seven years old is the most common age in which children have their ears pinned back, is seven to young to decide or have the “right reason” to under go plastic surgery. These procedures are suppose to be done for one self and not for anyone else, and at that age who is to tell that these children wont grow in to their ears.

Although some say seven is too young to have ear surgery some question whether teenage plastic surgery is also too young. In Bay area breast implants are common among teenage girls of eighteen and nineteen. Most are question whether teenage girls have lived with their bodies long enough to decide they don’t like what they see and have the right to change it. Plastic surgeons agree that plastic surgery is not for everyone, but people have the right to change what they don’t like. Surgeries like breast augmentation and Beverly Hills liposuction are procedures done to change what is other wise physically impossible. Most people believe liposuction is an easy way out of losing weight, but the ideal liposuction Beverly Hills patient is already their ideal weight and does not struggle with weight issues. Plastic surgery is not the easy way out of anything, but only used to help ones self esteem and change the things that other wise we can not change. There is no set age in which one can have plastic surgery and depending on what type of surgery is appropriate according to the patient’s age.

Leading plastic surgeon Beverly Hills say most people think that liposuction is the only useful tool in the fight against cellulite because of all its qualities to suck the fat out skin but generally liposuction can help to lighten or eradicate cellulite for a while but it is likely that the cellulite will return. Liposuction sucks the fat out of that area and then tightens the skin around; generally this would mean that the skin no longer dimples. However studies show that the cellulite is likely to return to that area if the patient does not maintain a healthy lifestyle. When looking to have plastic surgery Beverly Hills in order to reduce cellulite one should know that there is no procedure specifically intended for the removal of cellulite. Researchers and plastic surgeons agree, the best thing to eliminate and lighten the appearance of cellulite is exfoliation. Exfoliating the skin is ridding the dead skin and making the skin promote new healthy skin. This new skin is then softer and doesn’t allow for the cellulite to rise to the seen surface. Stretch marks are the other issue that is common among women and have no real procedure that was intended to fix this problem.

The key factor in the development of stretch marks is overly stretched skin. One must think of their skin like elastic, and once the elastic is stretched beyond its stretching point it can no longer return to its original size. The over stretching of the skin causes the tearing of the dermis which is what then shown on the skin. This generally occurs to women when they gain weight, but most often during pregnancy. Other women experience stretch marks on the breast after breast implants Beverly Hills. Women who develop stretch marks after having breast augmentation are usually unhappy with this, but they should not be alarmed. Stretch marks initially appear purple, redish or a pink color but soon the color fades and the stretch marks lighten and fit in with the color of the skin. Most people say their stretch marks aren’t very visible but instead can only be felt. There are several creams and lotions that are known to prevent and lighten stretch marks, the mot popular being coco butter. Although stretch marks and cellulite may seem like a major issue to some women neither of these two things prevent or stop function and can not be removed surgically however changing ones everyday habits and applying set lotions and creams will work to help both of these things appear invisible.

Changing something a person feels self conscious about is natural and done by many men and women. If one disagrees with the style of their hair, want to change the color thinks the look is old they simply have their hair colored and cut differently. Many women feel self-conscious about parts of their body that are not visible to the public, and changing what they feel most self-conscious about may change their life by being able to be more comfortable in their skin. If a woman feels self conscious about her breast or her vagina she may shy away from meeting someone for fear of rejection or simply because they would like to avoid what they may think would be an awkward situation.

Feeling self-conscious about ones breast size, shape, or form is not something one should have to live with and get use to because fact is that one may never get comfortable with that part of their body. Many women do not like the size or shape of their vagina and that to, is not a part that one must have to live with. With new technology and technique there are Beverly Hills plastic surgery procedures one can undergo to correct what they feel is wrong.

Leading plastic surgeon Beverly Hills say that breast augmentation is one of he most popular plastic surgery procedures in the country and many women are aware that they do not have to live with small breast if they do not wish to. Small breast has been the cause of several women’s self-esteem issues and no longer does it have to be. Plastic surgery can definitely make a women feel empowered by increasing her breast size. When undergoing Beverly Hills breast augmentation a women has the choice to move up one size or several and have the shape of her breast changed. If it is not breast size that bothers her but instead the size of her nipple or both that can also be altered to the size she desires. Incisions can be made through the navel to insert the breast, under the natural crease, through the arm pit, and/or around the nipple. The scars usually fade very smoothly living little trace of the surgery.

In Los Angeles labiaplasty is a plastic surgery procedure that can be done to a woman’s vagina to correct the size and shape of a woman’s labia. This surgery is done by pairing back an area that is fleshy. Very few plastic surgeons perform this procedure. This surgery can correct tears, stretching and deformity caused during child birth, reduce the size and shape of even the labia minora, correct scarring contracture or distortion, reduce fatty excess tissue in the pubic region, correct symmetry.

Nose job or rhinoplasty Los Angeles for years has been a popular plastic surgery procedure among various ethnics groups. While many groups tend to request a smaller and shorter nose, many Asian patients seek to have a larger and narrower nose. There are several characteristics common to Asian nose surgery Los Angeles. First, a number Asian patients request to augment the bridge the area to reduce the flattened appearance of the nose.

Augmenting the bridge area makes the nose look bigger and narrower. Various materials are available to augment the bridge of the nose including synthetic implants, processed tissue, or patient’s own tissue such cartilage or fascia. Most surgeons prefer to use synthetic materials, particularly silicone implants. A silicone implant is easy to place and produces a smooth bridge with a predictable amount of augmentation. Another step performed in Asian rhinoplasty is tip refinement.

Many Asian patients complain of a wide and flat nasal tip. Reshaping of nasal tip usually involves narrowing the tip and augmenting the tip using the patients own cartilage. Augmenting the tip effectively balances the tip with the augmented bridge. Synthetic implants have also been used for tip augmentation but have a higher risk of complications. Nostril width reduction is also frequently performed as part of Asian rhinoplasty. When reducing the width of the nostrils, a plastic surgeon will balance the nostrils not only relative to the rest of the nose but also relative to distance between the inner corners of the eyes. Any Los Angeles plastic surgeon performing rhinoplasty in Asian patients should aim to produce a natural appearing shape while preserving some ethnic nasal features in those patients desire so. Please visit http://www.vgplasticsurgery.com/ to learn more information on rhinoplasty Los Angeles .

Disclaimer: This blog or article is for information purpose only, and should not be treated a professional advise or price protection guarantee. This blog is mainly used for search engine optimization and other commercial purposes and it is advised that readers seek professional consultation in the field of interest for more information.

Your eyes are your windows to the world. But to your eye doctor they're also windows to your overall health.

"The eyes are one of the body's most amazing organs. They reveal a great deal to an eye doctor who not only can detect early signs of cataract and macular degeneration but symptoms of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, high cholesterol and even multiple sclerosis," says Dr. Farid Eghbali, associate doctor at the Maloney Vision Institute, the premier Los Angeles laser eye surgery center.

Even if your vision is excellent or you've had vision correction surgery such as Los Angeles LASIK, a comprehensive eye exam once a year is recommended strongly, especially for adults, for early detection of both eye diseases and other health problems, Dr. Eghbali said.

What is a comprehensive eye exam and what can it reveal?

To begin with, said Dr. Eghbali, "The doctor will thoroughly review your family and personal health history. Your eyes will be tested to determine how clearly you see. Your eye pressure and field of vision will be tested to diagnose glaucoma. After your eyes have been dilated, we will be able to look inside your eyes for signs of a wide range of health problems."

For example, he said, approximately 16 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Additionally, nearly 5 million are unaware they have diabetes which goes undiagnosed.

Vision loss leading to blindness occurs in as many as 24,000 diabetic patients every year. Visual impairment does not develop until the disease has advanced into its later stages. At this point, not even surgical vision correction Los Angeles can reverse vision loss. People with diabetes are 25 times more likely to become blind than are people without diabetes. However early signs of diabetic eye disease can be readily seen with an annual dilated pupil eye examination.

Not only is diabetic eye disease easily detected through an annual dilated eye examination but, when discovered in time, severe vision loss or blindness can be prevented. Diabetes also increases the risk of glaucoma, which has no warning signs, by 300 percent. Having regular eye examinations and being aware of the risk is among the best preventive measures you can take, Dr. Eghbali said.

If you need a recommendation of a general eye doctor or a Los Angeles LASIK surgeon in your area please visit our website at www.maloneyvision.com for the list of our affiliated doctors or call us at 310-208-3937.

Disclaimer: This blog or article is for information purpose only, and should not be treated a professional advise or price protection guarantee. This blog is mainly used for search engine optimization and other commercial purposes and it is advised that readers seek professional consultation in the field of interest for more information.

New technology now gives hope of fully corrected vision to people whose eyesight was unintentionally damaged by eye surgeons inexperienced in laser eye surgery when it was introduced several years ago.

Lee Philipson, the Assistant District Attorney for Napa County, Calif., is one example of a person whose vision in his left eye was severely distorted by LASIK eye surgery Los Angeles eight years ago.

“It felt like I was trying to see while standing under the shower,” Mr. Philipson said after the failed procedure.

But with the help of the new, state-of-the-art Wavefront mapping technology at the Maloney Vision Institute, Mr. Philipson’s vision has been restored and is now 20/25. It is one of the most gratifying outcomes in Dr. Robert Maloney’s 20-year ophthalmology career as a Los Angeles LASIK surgeon.

Wavefront technology comes from the process of adaptive optics, first proposed by scientists in 1953. Adaptive optics allows astronomers to compensate for the light distortions in the atmosphere. Further studies in adaptive optics became available from declassified information developed for the so-called Star Wars missile defense shield.

In Mr. Philipson’s case, the Wavefront technology has enabled him to once again live a normal life and with excellent vision. Mr. Philipson, who grew up in Southern California and graduated from UCLA, said the Napa area surgeon he chose generally was well thought of and “a very likable person.” But he says he should have done more to check the doctor’s experience and qualifications.

The new VISX Wavefront system is the latest major advancement in ophthalmology. In contrast to conventional Lasik treatments which measure one point in the eye, the Wavefront guided laser vision correction Los Angeles system enables eye surgeons to digitally map 200 points on the eye. It gives the surgeon an extraordinarily detailed topographical picture with which to perform either Lasik or photorefractive keratectomy, commonly known as PRK.

“The Lasik procedure on the right eye went fine. But the doctor made a very bad flap on my left eye. He put the flap back down and told me to come back in three months when it healed,” he said. But during the intervening three months, Mr. Philipson’s left eye developed epithelial cells that the doctor failed to detect when it was time to have the LASIK Los Angeles procedure completed.

The after-effects were tragic for Mr. Philipson and marked the beginning of years of frustration and blurry vision. Mr. Philipson immediately began a search to find a qualified surgeon who could repair the damaged left eye. That search led him to the Maloney Vision Institute.

“When I first met with Dr. Maloney he worked on my eye and improved my vision enough so I no longer felt I was in the shower – a huge improvement. But he also told me that there was little else that could be done until new technology arrived that would take care of my problem. That gave me hope,” he said.

On May 17 Mr. Philipson again visited Dr. Maloney, who was an FDA investigator on the new Wavefront technology that now was approved for use. For Mr. Philipson the new technology delivered on its promise. The procedure was enormously successful.

“Wavefront technology enables physicians to customize eye prescriptions for individuals with greater precision than ever before,” Dr. Maloney said.

For the average patient seeking vision correction, Wavefront allows doctors to boost vision beyond 20/20.

“Let me put it this way,” Mr. Philipson said. “For eight years I could not ignore my vision. I thought about it all the time. I don’t even think about it now. With both eyes open my vision is 20/15.

“I have no doubt that Dr. Maloney saved the vision in my left eye,” Mr. Philipson said. “He’s such a kind, decent, compassionate man. If lawyers were like that there wouldn’t be a whole lot of lawyer jokes. He’s a lifesaver as far as I’m concerned.”

Disclaimer: This blog or article is for information purpose only, and should not be treated a professional advise or price protection guarantee. This blog is mainly used for search engine optimization and other commercial purposes and it is advised that readers seek professional consultation in the field of interest for more information.

Physical appearance is a key to one’s personality as it complements the way a person presents himself or herself. Some people believe that good physical features provide them extra confidence in both professional and personal fields. As a result, people have now become more health and fitness cautious. They are now inclined towards better upkeep of health majorly affected due to demanding working conditions and hectic time schedules. To a great extent, media has created awareness about the need to stay healthy and fit. Rapid advancements in medical and surgical fields have attracted people to take wise decision to improve, alter, or restore the shape and size of their body parts.

Plastic surgery industry is one such field that has seen major success in the past and is currently growing at a rapid pace. To a large extent, women have benefitted the most from this industry. Surgeries like breast implant or breast augmentation are the most popular and successful amongst women. Breast implant or augmentations is an artificial extension used to alter the shape and size of woman’s breasts. It mainly consists of enhancement, lifts, reconstruction, or reduction of the breasts. In San Diego, breast implants are down by some of the renowned surgeons in the world.

While going for breast augmentation, women should educate her about the pros and cons of the surgery. A thorough understanding and information of the procedure is necessary to avoid any confusion about making a decision and will also help in choosing a renowned and informative surgeon. To reduce the chances of risk and complications, women should always look for an experience surgeon with lot of success in the past. Cost of the surgery should always be considered secondary and women should refrain from making a decision based on the cost. A quality surgeon will always suggest good financial option to make the surgery as affordable as possible.

It is always suggested that learning about the breast augmentation process, making the right choice about the surgeons, and strictly adhering to the instructions will make breast augmentation an easy process for a woman. At San Diego, breast augmentation techniques and procedure is thoroughly discussed with the patient before undergoing the surgery. San Diego plastic surgery performed by San Diego plastic Surgeon is best in class compared to anywhere in the world.

Everyone wants to look good and attractive. Face is the most visible part of human body as it creates a long lasting impression of one’s personality and makes a person more presentable. Some people are blessed with the perfect physical features but some lack the attractiveness due to imperfect shape of some organs. New and improved advancements in medical science have managed to provide people the looks they have always desired.

Rhinoplasty is one such medical procedure that has significantly helped people to regain confidence through treatment of their nose. Rhinoplasty is commonly known as the surgical re-shaping of nose that includes various surgical steps to achieve the desired results. The procedure generally includes correction of nasal bumps and long and short nose as well as re-shaping of hanging, over-projected, and deviated nose. Rhinoplasty also includes the improvement of shape and size of the nasal tip, change of angle between the tip and the upper lip, improvement of gap between the tip and bridge of the nose, and alteration of distance from face to the tip of the nose.

San Diego plastic surgeon are world renowned for rhinoplasty and other facial surgery procedures. Any kind of physical alteration is a big decision and many people may not be sure about the kind of alteration that best fits them. Therefore for getting the best results, you will be required to choose the most experienced and successful San Diego rhinoplasty surgeon.

Another place where you can fulfill all your plastic surgery requirements is Del Mar. Del Mar Plastic Surgeon use the latest and best techniques available required to do the job. Del Mar plastic surgery market is poised with a lot of experienced, skilful, and knowledgeable surgeons. It is always good to find out the best surgeon through networking from people who have already undergone or know someone who undertook a facial surgery in the past. It will help you to find a good surgeon and reduce your anxiety before the procedure.

Newer breast implant options are getting plenty of media attention, but many women in Indiana are still opting for saline-filled implants that have been available for several decades. According to a top local plastic surgeon Phoenix patients can benefit considerably from saline implants.

And according to surgeons who specialize in breast augmentation Phoenix saline implants have several advantages including affordability and smaller incisions, and that can be very important to some women. A fair number of my patients will decide on silicone because it can feel much softer, but there are still plenty of women out there who are more comfortable with the idea of saline."

Saline implants, which are filled with a sterile saltwater solution, still account for about 60% of all breast enlargement procedures in the United States, and in Midwestern states these numbers may be even higher. Partly, Dr. Galante believes this implant type is so attractive because saline is seen as more "natural" than silicone gel, but also many women prefer these implants simply because for years they were the only option.

Studies have shown the safety of both saline and silicone implants, but for a lot of women there's still the perception that saline is the 'standard. At the same time, though, it's also a question of convenience and aesthetics. Saline implants require smaller incisions, and in some cases these implants are actually more appropriate for the patient's goals.

Both saline and silicone implants have undergone rigorous safety testing before being FDA approved. Currently, silicone gel implants are only approved for first-time breast augmentation patients age 22 and up, but saline implants are available for women from the age of 18. With regard to other plastic surgery operations such as liposuction Phoenix patients as well as those in other major US cities can get these procedures at between ages 18 and 21 in general.

A well-trained breast enlargement surgeon will have the skills to achieve beautiful results with either saline or silicone gel implants. He or she should assess each patient's medical history and existing breast tissue before recommending a particular implant type. Like any other cosmetic surgery, breast enlargement is most satisfying when both the surgeon and patient make wise choices for impressive results. For more detailed information about these topics in plastic surgery Phoenix information patients are encouraged to contact their local cosmetic surgery experts to learn more.

They say plastic surgery is growing trend in America but plastic surgery is growing trend all around the world. Plastic surgery is deemed as safe in U.S and for the most part if the individual is aware of the risks and knows for certain that the procedure is what they want. In most places around the world and here in Phoenix breast augmentation is the most popular of all cosmetic surgeries. Like most all other plastics surgeries popularity began to rise in the 90s and women anywhere from 20-60 were having breast augmentation. All around the world and in Phoenix Cosmetic surgery has become so popular that girls as young as 14 are seeking out plastic surgeons to perform their procedures.

In the U.S most plastic surgeons will not perform cosmetic surgery on anyone under the age of 18. Plastic surgery is also very costly in the U.S in phoenix liposuction will cost more than likely double than what it might cost someone outside of the country. In the US some doctors have performed the lap band surgery on teenagers and after the weight loss these teenagers are now seeking to have a tummy tuck. In most places in the US and in Phoenix tummy tuck surgery is not to be done on anyone under 20 but some surgeons even prefer that their patient be a little older than child bearing age. Therefore the parents of these young girls and boys are taking them out of the country to have their surgeries. This is reoccurring in a lot of countries but in china it has become a bigger issue than most. One through two percent of all plastic surgery in china is botched; because of this majority of the population in china seeking plastic surgery go to South Korea to have cosmetic procedures.

Generally people seek out the cheapest plastic surgery, but not in China. The cost of plastic surgery in Korea is much higher than the cost in china some doctors some say it is because of the expertise of the surgeon, but Surgeons in China and even Korea where tons of Chinese patients are going for surgery are saying that it is a bad idea to go out of the country in which one lives for plastic surgery. When patients go abroad for surgery the well being and health of the patient may not be cared for. In most cases patients don’t know the qualifications of their surgeons and might not be going to a skilled surgeon who has their best interest in mind. Patients who leave the U.S to have plastic surgery usually do so because surgeons in the US will not perform on patients with a history of serious medical problems. In other countries they might not look at the patient’s medical history and the risk of death has increased for that patient.

A lot of doctors in the US have seen the damage that doctors out side of the country have done to some plastic surgery patients. Some times the damage is too great to fix and other times the damage might be fixable but the scarring will be a lot. Patients that went outside the country to have plastic surgery in order to save money now end up paying at least twice the amount they would have paid the first time having the surgery done by a qualified surgeon in their state.

Becoming pregnant is one of the many womanly joys. Most women enjoy eating all that they crave and not having to exercise and enjoy that most of the food is going to their baby and not all to the hips and thighs and staying there. Having a baby brings the mother and all those around the mother great joy and laughter, but the body after giving birth is a problem for most women. Being pregnant inevitably causes the skin and abdomen muscles to stretch most times causing tears in the dermis that do not rid with exercise. Most times after pregnancy and breast feeding most women are left with lose sagging skin and breast which have lost their density. Leading Phoenix cosmetic surgeons agree that most women after giving birth undoubtedly want their old figure back, and this can be done through plastic surgery. A woman can have her old figure back and even look better than she did before with a full mommy makeover. If a women has lost a lot of or even all of the weight that she had gained from the pregnancy but still can not manage to lose the extra pockets of fat and has loose sagging skin than she is a great candidate for plastic surgery. A full mommy makeover does not have to be done immediately after giving birth although it can be done, but it can also be done several years later when ever she feels ready.

There are several steps and options to begin with a full mommy make over, several women chose to begin with liposuction. Liposuction will successfully remove unwanted stubborn pockets of fat that other wise can not be removed with diet and exercise. With new less invasive liposuction and liposuction techniques surgeons can perform this surgery faster, with minimal bruising and little to no down time.

The most common plastic surgery procedure for mothers is the tummy tuck. During the pregnancy skin and muscle in the abdominal area must stretch, like said above this cause left over sagging skin and loose muscle. Although one may have snapped back to the before pregnancy size ones stomach may have been to over stretched to go back to its normal shape; therefore needing a Tummy tuck Phoenix plastic surgeons say with a tummy tuck they can correct the lose sagging and tighten the abdominal muscle. A tummy tuck will give the tummy a more contoured and appealing shape while also restoring better function to the now tighter abdomen muscles. Al though a tummy tuck needs more down time the results of a tummy tuck paired with lipo are incredible and requested by many.

After having children and after breast feeding the size and shape of a women’s breast can drastically change. Sometimes the breasts become larger and more filled and other times they loose density and sag or even look completely flat. There are several types of breast surgery to address the different types of problems. A women can include to her mommy makeover Phoenix breast augmentation which can be in the form of a Breast reduction, to reduce size, a breast lift to regain the “perk”, Implants to increase size, density and the “perk”.

These Procedures are all surgical Phoenix plastic surgery procedures that are most commonly included in a full mommy makeovers. The two other problems that are commonly corrected in a makeover are cellulite and stretch marks. Stretch marks are more commonly corrected with lasers and Cellulite with lipo dissolve. Although lipo dissolve was not intended for cellulite it efficiently rids most but not all of the troubled areas.

Science Daily recently reports that plastic surgeons are turning to mathematics to take the guesswork out of efforts to ensure that live tissue segments that are selected to restore damaged body parts will have enough blood and oxygen to survive the surgical transfer.

Mathematicians, in the world’s first published mathematical model of tissue transfer, have shown that they can use differential equations to determine which tissue segments selected for transfer from one part of the body to another location on the same body will receive the level of oxygen required to sustain the tissue.

The most common tissue transfers are used to restore body parts destroyed by cancer and trauma. The researchers say reliable mathematical modeling of the blood supply and oxygen in tissue segments will not only reduce failures in reconstructive surgery, but will also improve understanding of conditions in which an adequate blood supply is a basic problem, such as heart disease, cancer and stroke. To obtain tissue for reconstructive surgery, a plastic surgeon Phoenix experts explain, cuts away a segment of tissue, called a flap, that is fed by a single set of perforator vessels – an artery and vein that travel through underlying muscle to support skin and fat. Surgeons generally agree that vessels at least 1.5 millimeters in diameter are required to sustain oxygen flow within the flap intended for transfer.

Mathematicians have shown that under certain relationships between the size of the tissue flap and the diameter of the perforator vessel, the oxygen level in the flap will remain above 15 percent of the normal level, thus ensuring a successful flap transfer. If this relationship is not satisfied, the most distant tissue from the vessel will start to die – something already observed by clinicians and specialists in plastic surgery Phoenix sources say.

The research appears the week of July 13 in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The routine use of a patient’s own tissue from the lower abdominal wall to restore deformities on the chest dates to 1982. In the early days of full removal and transfer of tissue, surgeons took muscle along with skin and fat, resulting in loss of strength where the muscle was removed. With chest deformities and breast augmentation Phoenix surgeons quote the researchers as saying that as time has gone on, they have learned that they don’t have to take the muscle, but can take a single blood vessel coming through the muscle and transfer the tissue on that vessel. What they found was that the more they designed flaps like this, the less reliable the tissue became. The motivation to try to reduce injury to muscle was leading to an increase in problems with part of the flap failing because it doesn’t have enough blood.

Miller asked Friedman, founding director of Ohio State’s Mathematical Biosciences Institute, to work on a model that could add more predictability to tissue transfer.

To create the initial model, Friedman and colleagues needed to determine a number of values: the level of oxygen in the tissue, which comes from tiny capillaries spaced just microns apart; the rate of exchange of oxygen from vessels to tissue; and the pressure under which the blood is flowing in those vessels.

Because there are thousands of capillaries that make it difficult to compute the oxygen levels, the researchers found a method of averaging. They average the oxygen concentration in the capillaries, think of capillaries as being uniformly spread all over, and look at the transport of oxygen from vessels into tissue. The model’s outcomes exploited clinical observations, in that if the oxygen pressure fell below 15 percent during the few days following the tissue transfer, fat tissue on the outer edges of the flap would start to die. When that happens on actual surgical cases, doctors must replace the dead tissue, and sometimes have to redo the entire operation.

The pattern of blood vessels and capillaries in live human tissue is not uniformly spread throughout the flap. In many cases, there is a gap in the presence of branching vessels at the point at which the feeder artery and vein enter the fat and divide. And to add accuracy to the parameters used in the equations, the researchers agree that animal studies of tissue transfer are needed to make the model more reliable.

Imaging technology is also expected to factor into the future of reconstructive surgery. Surgeons currently use three-dimensional CT scans to image a potential flap and the perforator vessels that are feeding that flap. But the imaging available to date can’t display the entire vasculature of a flap. The researchers hope to provide surgeons with software that could be combined with advanced imaging to supply more reliable information about the likely survival of a tissue flap. The image of the flap will give the surgeon an idea of the distribution of vessels. Then the surgeon will use the software to determine that with this given vasculature, a specific size of tissue can be cut. According to specialists in tummy tuck Phoenix surgeons often go to the abdomen as a common source for tissue to be transferred because it contains a lot of tissue in a location that allows the resulting scar to be hidden by clothing. Theoretically, surgeons can make flaps from anywhere on the body; the whole body is divided up on a vascular tree. If you can isolate a flap of tissue on a blood supply, you can remove it and reattach it. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation. For more information on these developments in tissue transfer technology, contact your local plastic surgeons.